Mommy Katie: #Giveaway Trick or Treaters on DVD

Mommy Katie: #Giveaway Trick or Treaters on DVD

Hyrocele

Hydrocele is a condition whereby there is a build up of fluid in the scrotal sac. This causes a swelling in the the scrotum or the inguinal area. This condition is not life threatening and is not painful. However, it is common in newborns and can occur at any age in life.

What Causes Hydrocele?
There is no definate cause of hyrdocele. However, in newborns it is because of an opening between the abdomen and scrotum. Although this closes in before or after birth.
Injury to the scrotum or groin region
Infection to the testis commonly referred to epididymitis.
In rare cases it might occur with cancer of the testis or of the left kidney.

 

Diagnosis

Diagnosis can be made by an ultrasound
Physical Examination by shinning a light through commonly referred to as Trans illumination

Treatment
The  fluid can be absorbed by the body    
If there is pain due to compromised blood supply, a surgery know as Hydrocelectomy can be done. 
 

Is Enough Being Done About Diabetes?

On the occasion of World Health Day 2016, WHO issues a call for action on diabetes, drawing attention to the need to step up prevention and treatment of the disease. The first WHO Global report on diabetes demonstrates that the number of adults living with diabetes has almost quadrupled since 1980 to 422 million adults.

Factors driving this dramatic rise include overweight and obesity. In 2012 alone diabetes caused 1.5 million deaths. Its complications can lead to heart attack, stroke, blindness, kidney failure and lower limb amputation.

The new  report calls upon governments to ensure that people are able to make healthy choices and that health systems are able to diagnose, treat and care for people with diabetes. It encourages us all as individuals to eat healthily, be physically active, and avoid excessive weight gain.On the occasion of World Health Day 2016, WHO issues a call for action on diabetes, drawing attention to the need to step up prevention and treatment of the disease.

 The first WHO Global report on diabetes demonstrates that the number of adults living with diabetes has almost quadrupled since 1980 to 422 million adults. Factors driving this dramatic rise include overweight and obesity.

In 2012 alone diabetes caused 1.5 million deaths. Its complications can lead to heart attack, stroke, blindness, kidney failure and lower limb amputation.
The new report calls upon governments to ensure that people are able to make healthy choices and that health systems are able to diagnose, treat and care for people with diabetes. It encourages us all as individuals to eat healthily, be physically active, and avoid excessive weight gain.

Compatible Blood For All

Blood reaction is one of the things most Doctors dread, simply because it can be fatal. However,soon this might be a thing of the past. According to a study published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society,researches have developed a unique enzyme that can strip off the antigen on Red Blood Cells that is responsible for the fatal reaction that is commonly referred to as Blood Transfusion Reaction, when a patient receives blood that is nit compatible with their blood group.

It is evident that blood banks rely so much on donor blood that is O Rhesus Negative that is a universal donor. Additionally, 11% of hospital based transfusions depend on the O Rhesus Negative blood and of which about 6% of the population carry this specific blood type.

The process of using enzymes to strip the antigens from the specific blood groups has been there for a while, since early 2000s. However, according to Dr. Richard Benjamin, Chief Medical Officer at Red Cross, it might take 5-10 years more for the procedure to be termed as effective. Thus is because at the moment, the enzyme has been effective on small scale and is yet to be tried on large scale this is according to David Kwan Lead author at the University of British Columbia's Centre for Blood Research Vancouver, Canada. This enzyme if termed a success will open doors for various conditions especially body donations like organ transplants that often faces a challenge of incompatibility.

http://consumer.healthday.com/health-technology-information-18/genetics-news-334/researchers-report-progress-in-making-all-blood-types-universally-accepted-699245.html

Long life Health Effects of Bullying

Over the years, childhood bullying has been on the rise in this age of computers and internet. However, this has had a negative effect in the victims later on in their lives.
According to a recent study done in the UK by British Psychiatrists, out of the women sampled, 1/4 of those who were bullied in their young ages, ended up being obese by the age of 45 years unlike 19% who were never bullied. Additionally, both men and women who were bullied in their childhood, had high levels of fat in their midsection, a predisposing factor to Heart Diseases.
According to the Louise Arseneault who led the research, a total of 7,102 children whose parents admitted being bullied at the age of 7 and 11, 15% of those who were partially bullied ended up being obese. On the other hand, 20% of those who were frequently bullied showed high levels of C -Reactive proteins a risk factor to heart diseases.
The study however showed that bullying plays a small role to obesity than other factors like smoking, diet and exercises. Although, It is worth noting that as much that early prevention of bullying can save a lot of individuals health in adulthood. Therefore it is important to look out for the signs that your child is being bullied prevent such diseases.


http://mobile.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN0O42PF20150519?irpc=932

Is Fluid Resuscitation in Paediatrics Worth it?

Fluid Resuscitation And Sepsis

A walk into any paediatric ward and a glare of fluids hanged on a stand is the first thing that meets the eye. For years, fluids have been used severally in management of common infections amongst children. As the Ministry of Health puts in the guidelines, boluses of 20-40 millilitres per kg are instituted in infections like septicaemia, where the blood is infected by disease causing organisms, characterised by unconsciousness commonly referred to as fluid resuscitation.

However, a study done recently by Dr. Kathryn Maitland and her team on various hospitals in Kenya, including Kilifi District Hospital concluded that fluid resuscitation does more harm than good to the patients. The study stated that 92.7% of the children who did not receive any fluid, survived while the survival rate for those who received bolus had a 89.4% chances of survival. Doing calculations, that amounts to 3 children given boluses died in every 100 children.

It is therefore clear that the guidelines that have been followed religiously through out the world for years need revision.

Vaginal Candidiasis

Vaginal Candidiasis

Vaginal candidiasis is common in a majority of women. It happens when the vaginal bacteria (commensals) is overpowered by Candida albicans which is a yeast. One of the common and stubborn sign is the whitish vaginal discharge that is non-foul smelling.

Predisposing Factors 

• Use of antibiotics – Antibiotics are good but long time use lowers the body’s immunity creating a conducive environment for Candida albicans. 
• Diabetes- patients with diabetes frequently experience bouts of yeast infection secondary to the low immunity. 
• Pregnancy- like mentioned above, low immunity encourages the yeast infection. In pregnancy, the body’s immunity is low hence why in every pregnancy most women have the infection. 
• Use of birth control pills 
• Post menopausal state 
• Douching- continuous douching kills the normal vaginal bacteria making a conducive environment for yeast infection.

Signs and Symptoms

• Vaginal discharge most of the time whitish with no foul smell 
• Vaginal- Valvular  itchiness and redness
• Pain on passing urine 
• Pain during intercourse

 Diagnosis

The doctor will take a sample of the discharge and it will be taken to the laboratory. A solution of 10% KOH will distinguish the yeast cells easily. Sensitivity of upto 80%

Prevention and Treatment

• Avoid douching 
• Avoid use of allergens like perfumes and soaps 
• Wearing cotton underwears 
• Airing of underwears out in the sun. 
• Anti fungal creams 1% Clotrimazole cream or 2% Miconazole cream on the affected area for 3-7 days. 
• Anti fungal orally of Fluconazole 150 mg as a single dose is an alternative. 
•  Clotrimazole vaginal pessaries 200mg nightly for 6 days or double dose for three days.

Treatment of male partners is not recommended unless there are features suggesting infection.